Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme regarding Prevention of Pneumonia among mothers of under-five children in selected rural area at Bangalore
Pradeep B M, Swapna Mary A, Chaitra B C, Roopa B M, Laishram Dabashini Devi
Global College of Nursing, Bangalore.
*Corresponding Author Email: roshini999.bk@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
This study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children in selected rural area at Bangalore to assess the existing knowledge regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children. An evaluative research approach with one group pretest posttest design in quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the STP. This study was conducted in Jeetipalya and Thavereker at Bangalore. The population for this study consisted of mothers of under five children. Random sampling technique by lottery method was used to select 60 samples. The tool used for the data collection was structured knowledge interview questionnaire which comprised of 11 items on demographic data and 30 items on prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children. The reliability of the tool was established by Split Half technique, with ‘r’=0.88. Major findings of the study were: Regarding the existing knowledge of the mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia, there was a lack of knowledge in all aspects of prevention of pneumonia. The overall pretest mean knowledge was 12.75 and post test mean knowledge was 20.67, with mean percent enhancement of knowledge score as 7.91 which was statistically significant as observed between pre and post test score with paired‘t’ test 27.82 at 0.05 level. Hence H 1 is accepted. In pretest there was significant association between the knowledge of mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables like educational status, occupational status, family history of pneumonia and relationship with the child was significant at P and lt; 0.05 level regarding prevention of pneumonia. Hence the findings revealed that a structured teaching programme was effective in enhancement of the knowledge of the mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia and to prevent occurrence of these infectious diseases.
KEYWORDS: Pneumonia, Level of knowledge, prevention of pneumonia.
INTRODUCTION:
Pneumonia kills more children than any other disease. Every 15 seconds it claims another child. Two million (twenty lakhs) children (less than 5 years) die of pneumonia every year.1
This is when diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia is widely available and affordable, says experts on the first-ever World Pneumonia Day on 2nd of November 2009. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, fungi or chemicals. Pneumonia can be prevented by immunization, adequate nutrition and by addressing environmental factors such as enforcing smoke-free laws and patient-safety practices2.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
3. To find out the association between the knowledge with selected demographic
HYPOTHESES:
H1 - There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest score regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children after administrating structured teaching programme at 0.05 level.
H2 - There will be a significant association between knowledge on prevention of pneumonia with selected demographic variables.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
An evaluative research approach was considered as appropriate research approach for the present study. Quasi experimental One Group Pre and Post test design (O1 x O2) was adopted for this study.
|
Group |
Pre test |
STP |
Post test |
|
Experimental Group |
O1 |
X |
O2 |
The study will be conducted in rural area under Thavarekere PHC at Bangalore. It is 13-15km away from Sri Lakshmi College of Nursing.
The sample selected for the present study was mothers of pneumonia children’s were selected in rural areas are Jettipalya and Thavarekere at Bangalore on the inclusion criteria. 60 mothers of pneumonia children’s were selected from rural areas are Jettipalya and Thavarekere at Bangalore.15 samples were selected per weekly by using lottery method according to the sampling criteria in rural areas are Jettipalya and Thavarekere at Bangalore.
RESULTS:
Section A: Data on demographic variables of mothers of under five children’s regarding prevention of pneumonia
The table 1 depicts that classification of respondents by personal characteristics, such as age, sex, educational status and occupational status.Majority of the respondents 30(50%) were in the age group of 3-4 years, followed by 15(25%) found in the age group between 1-2 years, followed by 10(16.67%) found in the age group between above 4 years and 5(8.3%) found in the age group < 1 year.
Table -1 Classification of Respondents
by Personal Characteristics
N=60
|
Characteristics |
Category |
Respondents |
|
|
Number |
Percent |
||
|
Age (in years) |
<1 year |
5 |
08.3 |
|
1-2 years |
15 |
25.00 |
|
|
3-4 years |
30 |
50.00 |
|
|
Above 4 years |
10 |
16.7 |
|
|
Sex |
Male |
34 |
56.7 |
|
Female |
26 |
43.3 |
|
|
Educational Status |
Illiterate |
38 |
63.3 |
|
Middle school |
22 |
36.7 |
|
|
High school |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
PUC |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
Graduate |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
Post graduate |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
Occupational Status |
Coolie |
27 |
45.0 |
|
Agriculture |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
Factor worker |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
House wife |
33 |
55.0 |
|
|
Others |
0 |
0.00 |
|
|
Type of Family |
Nuclear |
33 |
55.0 |
|
Joint |
06 |
10.0 |
|
|
Extended |
08 |
13.3 |
|
|
Single |
13 |
21.7 |
|
|
Family income/month |
<Rs.5000 |
33 |
55.0 |
|
Rs.5,001-8,000 |
27 |
45.0 |
|
|
Rs.8,001-10,000 |
00 |
00.0 |
|
|
>Rs.10.000 |
00 |
00.0 |
|
|
Family history of pneumonia |
Yes |
32 |
53.3 |
|
No |
28 |
46.7 |
|
|
Relationship |
Father |
10 |
16.7 |
|
Mother |
06 |
10.0 |
|
|
Grand parent |
07 |
11.7 |
|
|
Relatives |
09 |
15.0 |
|
|
Received information regarding pneumonia |
Yes |
32 |
53.3 |
|
No |
28 |
46.7 |
|
|
Source of Information |
Health Personnel |
31 |
51.7 |
|
Mass media |
29 |
48.3 |
|
Majority of the respondents among mothers of under five children were male 34(56.7%) followed by 26(43.3%) were female. It was observed from the result that majority of the respondents 38(63.3%) are illiterate. Further 22(36.7%) studied up to middle school level. Further, occupational status indicates 27(45%) were coolie and 33(55%) were housewive. Further 06(10.0%) of the respondents emerged from joint family, 33 (55.0%) belongs to nuclear family, 08(13.3%) belongs to extended family and 13(21.7%) belongs to single family. Regarding the family income per month, majority of the respondents 33(55.0%) of the respondents were having family income <Rs.5,000/ month and Rs.5,001-8,000/ month followed by 27(45.0%). majority of respondents 32(53.3%) had family history of pneumonia in that majority of the respondents 10(16.7%) were father, 06(10.0%) were mother, 07(11.7%) were grandparent and 09(15.0%) were relatives, followed by 28(46.7%) were not having family history of pneumonia. Regarding the information on pneumonia 32 (53.3%) of the respondents were received where as 28 (46.7%) of the mothers of under five children’s did not received. Majority of respondents 31(51.7%) were received from health Personnel and further 29(48.3%) through mass media.
SECTION – B: Data on the assessment of knowledge regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
Table-2. Classification of Respondents on Pre test Knowledge level regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
|
Knowledge Level |
Category |
Respondents |
|
|
Number |
Percent |
||
|
Inadequate |
< 50 % Score |
44 |
73.3 |
|
Moderate |
51-75 % Score |
16 |
26.7 |
|
Adequate |
> 75 % Score |
0 |
00.0 |
Table –2 reveals that the level of knowledge level regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children out of mothers, in pretest 44 (73.3%) of them had inadequate knowledge and 16(26.7%) had moderately adequate knowledge
Table depicts the aspect wise pre test knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia which reveals that highest mean knowledge (55%) of mean knowledge was found in definition, causes and mode of transmission aspect followed by treatment and prevention and its side effects of vaccine and its diet that is (50%). Further, the least mean knowledge score was found on (41%) risk factors, symptoms and diagnosis. However, the overall pretest mean knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia was found to be (44%) and SD was (2.93).
Table 3. Aspect wise Pre test Mean Knowledge scores of Respondents regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
|
S. No. |
Knowledge Aspects |
Statements |
Max. Score |
Respondents Knowledge |
||
|
Mean |
Mean (%) |
SD |
||||
|
I |
Definition, causes and mode of transmission |
07 |
07 |
3.85 |
55 |
1.07 |
|
II |
Risk factors, symptoms and diagnosis |
06 |
06 |
2.15 |
41 |
0.94 |
|
III |
Treatment and prevention and its side effects of vaccine and its diet |
17 |
17 |
6.75 |
50 |
2.03 |
|
|
Combined |
30 |
30 |
12.75 |
44 |
2.93 |
SECTION- C: Association between the knowledge with their selected demographic variable.
Table 4: Association between Demographic variables and Pre test Knowledge level regarding prevention of pneumonia among mothers of under five children.
|
Demographic Variables |
Category |
Sample |
Respondents Knowledge |
χ 2 value |
P Value |
|||
|
Inadequate |
Moderate |
|||||||
|
N |
% |
N |
% |
|||||
|
Age Group (years) |
< 1 yr |
5 |
3 |
60 |
2 |
40 |
0.89 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
1-2 yrs |
15 |
12 |
80 |
3 |
20 |
|||
|
3-4 yrs |
30 |
22 |
73.3 |
8 |
26.6 |
|||
|
Above 4 yrs |
10 |
7 |
70 |
3 |
30 |
|||
|
Sex |
Male |
34 |
28 |
82.3 |
6 |
17.6 |
3.26 NS |
>0.05 |
|
Female |
26 |
16 |
61.5 |
10 |
38.4 |
|||
|
Educational Status |
Illiterate |
38 |
32 |
84.2 |
6 |
15.7 |
6.27*
|
< 0.05 |
|
Middle school |
22 |
12 |
54.5 |
10 |
45.4 |
|||
|
Occupational Status |
Coolie |
27 |
16 |
59.2 |
11 |
40.7 |
4.97*
|
< 0.05
|
|
House wife |
33 |
28 |
84.8 |
5 |
15.1 |
|||
|
Type of Family |
Nuclear |
33 |
27 |
81.8 |
6 |
18.1 |
3.47 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
Joint |
6 |
3 |
50 |
3 |
50 |
|||
|
Extended |
8 |
5 |
62.5 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
Single |
13 |
9 |
69.2 |
4 |
30.7 |
|||
|
Family income/month |
< Rs.5,000 |
33 |
26 |
78.7 |
7 |
21.2 |
1.12 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
Rs.5,001-8,000 |
27 |
18 |
66.6 |
9 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Family history of pneumonia |
Yes |
29 |
21 |
72.4 |
8 |
27.5 |
6.83*
|
< 0.05 |
|
No |
30 |
25 |
89.2 |
3 |
10.7 |
|||
|
Relationship
|
Father |
10 |
3 |
30 |
7 |
70 |
16.9*
|
< 0.05
|
|
Mother |
6 |
4 |
66.6 |
2 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Grand parent |
7 |
3 |
42.8 |
4 |
57.1 |
|||
|
Relatives |
9 |
4 |
44.4 |
5 |
55.5 |
|||
|
Received information on pneumonia |
Yes |
29 |
21 |
72.4 |
8 |
27.5 |
0.18 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
No |
30 |
23 |
76.6 |
7 |
23.3 |
|||
Table: depicted the association between selected demographic variables and knowledge level of pretest among mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia. The obtain χ 2 value 0.89 was not significant at 0.05% level. So the hypothesis was rejected.
Table – 5 Association between Demographic variables and Post test Knowledge level on Homecare Management on Tuberculosis
|
Demographic Variables |
Category |
Sample |
Respondents Knowledge |
χ 2 value |
P Value |
|||
|
Moderate |
Adequate |
|||||||
|
N |
% |
N |
% |
|||||
|
Age Group (years) |
< 1 yr |
5 |
2 |
40 |
3 |
60 |
1.57 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
1-2 yrs |
15 |
9 |
60 |
6 |
40 |
|||
|
3-4 yrs |
30 |
20 |
66.6 |
10 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Above 4 yrs |
10 |
7 |
70 |
3 |
30 |
|||
|
Sex |
Male |
34 |
18 |
52.9 |
16 |
47 |
3.64 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
Female |
26 |
20 |
76.9 |
6 |
23 |
|||
|
Educational Status |
Illiterate |
38 |
20 |
52.6 |
18 |
47.3 |
5.11* |
< 0.05
|
|
Middle school |
22 |
18 |
81.8 |
4 |
18.1 |
|||
|
Occupational Status |
Coolie |
27 |
20 |
74 |
7 |
25.9 |
2.43 NS |
> 0.05
|
|
House wife |
33 |
18 |
54.5 |
15 |
45.4 |
|||
|
Type of Family |
Nuclear |
33 |
21 |
63.6 |
12 |
36.3 |
0.54 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
Joint |
6 |
4 |
66.6 |
2 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Extended |
8 |
5 |
62.5 |
3 |
37.5 |
|||
|
Single |
13 |
8 |
61.5 |
5 |
38.4 |
|||
|
Family income/month |
< Rs.5000 |
33 |
16 |
48.4 |
17 |
51.5 |
6.96* |
< 0.05 |
|
Rs.5,001-8,000 |
27 |
22 |
81.4 |
5 |
18.5 |
|||
|
Family history of pneumonia |
Yes |
32 |
23 |
71.8 |
9 |
28.1 |
2.15 NS |
> 0.05 |
|
No |
28 |
15 |
53.5 |
13 |
46.4 |
|||
|
Relationship |
Father |
10 |
6 |
60 |
4 |
40 |
0.66 NS |
> 0.05
|
|
Mother |
6 |
3 |
50 |
3 |
50 |
|||
|
Grandparent |
7 |
4 |
57.1 |
3 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Relatives |
9 |
6 |
66.6 |
3 |
33.3 |
|||
|
Received information on pneumonia |
Yes |
29 |
22 |
75.8 |
7 |
24.1 |
4.25* |
< 0.05 |
|
No |
30 |
15 |
50 |
15 |
50 |
|||
Table: depicted the association between selected demographic variables and knowledge level of post test among mothers of under five children regarding prevention of pneumonia. The obtain χ 2 value 1.57 was not significant at 0.05% level. So the hypothesis was rejected. Also, Null Hypothesis (H01) is accepted.
CONCLUSION:
Overall observation showed that the Structured Teaching Programme on prevention of pneumonia was effective in enhancement of knowledge score of the mothers of under five children.
REFERENCE:
1. Bulletin WHO, “Pneumonia leading cause of deaths of the under five children” .2008 Oct (cited on); 17(5): 120-130. Available from URL:
2. Bobby Ramakant. “Pneumonia kills more children’s than any other diseases”. 2009 Nov-2 (cited on); 14(4): 231-243. Available from URL:
Received on 16.01.2023 Modified on 06.03.2023
Accepted on 11.04.2023 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(2):97-100.
DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2023.00021